Countries of the world took turns rejecting a new but vague draft text released early Thursday. It had attempted to form the spine of any deal reached at the United Nations climate talks on money for developing countries to transition to clean energy and adapt to climate change.
The draft left out a crucial sticking point: how much wealthy nations will pay poor countries. A key option for the lowest amount donors are willing to pay was just a placeholder “X.” Part of that is because rich nations have yet to make an offer in negotiations.
So the host Azerbaijan presidency, with its dawn-released package of proposals, did manage to unite a fractured world on climate change, but it was only in their unease and outright distaste for the plan. Negotiators at the talks — known as COP29 — in Baku are trying to close the gap between the $1.3 trillion US the developing world says is needed in climate finance and the few hundred billion that negotiators say richer nations have been prepared to give.
No figure for climate cash leaves many disappointed
Independent experts say that at least $1 trillion US is needed in finance to help transition away from planet-warming fossil fuels and toward clean energy like solar and wind, better adapt to the effects of climate change and pay for losses and damages caused by extreme weather.
Panama’s Juan Carlos Monterrey Gómez said the “lack of commitment transparency feels like a slap in the face to the most vulnerable.”
“It is just utter disrespect to those countries that are bearing the brunt of this crisis,” he said. “Developed countries must stop playing games with our life and put a serious, quantified financial proposal on the table.”
Gomez listed places where negotiators had worked on the issue — South Africa, Germany, the Philippines, Egypt, Austria, Switzerland, Dubai, Colombia and a few times in Baku — asking, “For God’s sakes, what’s the next stop? Mars?
“Do we need to go to outer space to get a quantitative number from our developed countries to be able to start negotiating here?”
Representatives at the COP29 climate summit in Azerbaijan have until Friday to reach a deal for wealthy, high-emitting countries to fund climate mitigation strategies in the countries most vulnerable to global warming.
Esa Ainuu, from the small Pacific island of Niue, also blasted the lack of a number in the draft deal.
“For us in the Pacific, this is critical,” Ainuu said. “We can’t escape to the desert. We can’t escape somewhere else. This is reality for us. If finance is not bringing any positive, [then] why’re we coming to COP?”
United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres said, “I don’t think you can go on and on and on without clarifying the key aspects of the negotiation.”
Meanwhile, Canada’s Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault told CBC News, “Frankly, I would rather see no agreement at all in Baku than a very bad agreement.
“A bad agreement that would set us backwards on this would not be something that I would say is acceptable.”
Negotiators slam an ‘unbalanced’ draft
Lead negotiator Yalchin Rafiyev emphasized how balanced the plan was, but all sides kept saying it was anything but balanced and pointed time was running out.
The European Union’s climate envoy Wopke Hoekstra called the draft “imbalanced, unworkable, and not acceptable.”
Guilbeault said, “I think the presidency needs to recognize that the text or the package that they proposed last night is largely inadequate and they need to come up with something much more ambitious.
In a statement, the COP29 presidency stressed that the drafts “are not final.”
This year marks COP’s 29th year, the focus: money. We explain the stakes and players at this year’s summit in Azerbaijan.
“The COP29 presidency’s door is always open, and we welcome any bridging proposals that the parties wish to present,” the presidency said in a statement. It added that possible numbers for a finance goal will be released in the next iteration of the draft.
COP29 president Mukhtar Babayev convened the qurultay — a traditional Azerbaijani meeting — where negotiators spoke to hear all sides and hammer out a compromise. He said that “after hearing all views, we will outline a way forward regarding future iterations.”
Nations big and small want more on slashing fossil fuels
Other areas that are being negotiated include commitments to slash planet-warming fossil fuels and how to adapt to climate change. But they’ve seen little movement.
European nations and the United States criticized the package of proposals for not being strong enough in reiterating last year’s call for a transition away from fossil fuels.
“The current text offers no progress” on efforts to cut the world’s emissions of heat-trapping gases, said Germany delegation chief Jennifer Morgan.
“This cannot and must not be our response to the suffering of millions of people around the world. We must do better.”
U.S. climate envoy John Podesta said he was surprised that “there is nothing that carries forward the … outcomes that we agreed on last year in Dubai.” The United States, the world’s biggest historic emitter of greenhouse gases, has played little role in the talks as it braces for another presidency under Donald Trump.
But members of the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance, such as Colombia, Ireland and Denmark, who are pushing for an end of fossil fuels, said the lack of wording on transitioning from fossil fuels is not a deal killer for them.
Days earlier, the 20 largest economies met in Brazil and didn’t mention the call for transitioning. Guterres, who was at that meeting, said official language is one thing, but reality is another.
“There will be no way” the world can limit global warming to 1.5 C “if there is not a phase-out of fossil fuels,” Guterres said at a Thursday news conference.
Also on Thursday, the EU, Mexico, Norway and several other jurisdictions announced they would release plans to rapidly cut emissions over the next decade to meet the landmark Paris Agreement’s goal of restraining global warming to 1.5 C above pre-industrial times, although they did not detail how those cuts would happen.
Under the agreement, countries need to detail their voluntary plans for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by early next year.
“There is a real risk of falling short,” said Tore Sandvik, Norway’s minister of climate and environment. “We must reinforce the message that the Paris agreement is functioning as intended.”
